Read Rrd File In Java

In this tutorial, we show you how to read from and write to text (or character) files using classes available in the java.io

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package. First, let’s look at the different classes that are capable of reading and writing character streams.

1. Reader, InputStreamReader, FileReader and BufferedReader

Reader is the abstract class for reading character streams. It implements the following fundamental methods:

• read(): reads a single character.
• read(char[]): reads an array of characters.
• skip(long): skips some characters.
• close(): closes the stream.

InputStreamReader is a bridge from byte streams to character streams. It converts bytes into characters using a specified charset. The charset can be default character encoding of the operating system, or can be specified explicitly when creating an InputStreamReader.FileReader is a convenient class for reading text files using the default character encoding of the operating system.BufferedReader reads text from a character stream with efficiency (characters are buffered to avoid frequently reading from the underlying stream) and provides a convenient method for reading a line of text readLine().The following diagram show relationship of these reader classes in the java.io package:

2. Writer, OutputStreamWriter, FileWriter and BufferedWriter

Writer is the abstract class for writing character streams. It implements the following fundamental methods:

• write(int): writes a single character.
• write(char[]): writes an array of characters.
• write(String): writes a string.
• close(): closes the stream.

OutputStreamWriter is a bridge from byte streams to character streams. Characters are encoded into bytes using a specified charset. The charset can be default character encoding of the operating system, or can be specified explicitly when creating an OutputStreamWriter.FileWriter is a convenient class for writing text files using the default character encoding of the operating system.BufferedWriter writes text to a character stream with efficiency (characters, arrays and strings are buffered to avoid frequently writing to the underlying stream) and provides a convenient method for writing a line separator: newLine().The following diagram show relationship of these writer classes in the java.io package:

3. Character Encoding and Charset

When constructing a reader or writer object, the default character encoding of the operating system is used (e.g. Cp1252 on Windows):So if we want to use a specific charset, use an InputStreamReader or OutputStreamWriter instead. For example:That creates a new reader with the Unicode character encoding UTF-16.And the following statement constructs a writer with the UTF-8 encoding:In case we want to use a BufferedReader, just wrap the InputStreamReader inside, for example:And for a BufferedWriter example:Now, let’s look at some complete examples.

4. Java Reading from Text File Example

The following small program reads every single character from the file MyFile.txt and prints all the characters to the output console:The following example reads a text file with assumption that the encoding is UTF-16:And the following example uses a BufferedReader to read a text file line by line (this is the most efficient and preferred way):

5. Java Writing to Text File Example

In the following example, a FileWriter is used to write two words “Hello World” and “Good Bye!” to a file named MyFile.txt:Note that, a writer uses default character encoding of the operating system by default. It also creates a new file if not exits, or overwrites the existing one. If you want to append text to an existing file, pass a boolean flag of true to constructor of the writer class:The following example uses a BufferedReader that wraps a FileReader to append text to an existing file:This is the preferred way to write to text file because the BufferedReader provides efficient way for writing character streams.And the following example specifies specific character encoding (UTF-16) when writing to the file:This program writes some Unicode string (Vietnamese) to the specified text file.NOTE: From Java 7, you can use try-with-resources statement to simplify the code of opening and closing the reader/writer. For example:

References:

Related File IO Tutorials:

Other Java File IO Tutorials:

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